Trends in Phishing, Ransomware, Credential Stuffing and Other Security Concerns from Hikvision’s Senior Cybersecurity Director, Plus Using a Password Manager to Reduce Risk

December 15, 2020

Hikvision HikWire blog article Trends in Phishing, Ransomware, Credential Stuffing and Other Security Concerns

Hikvision Senior Director of Cybersecurity Chuck Davis today blogs about trends in phishing, ransomware, credential stuffing and other security concerns. And he talks about password managers to prevent credential stuffing and reduce risk.

Google Services Used for Phishing
Phishing campaigns have long used cloud services like Google Docs, Google Forms, and Office 365, to host malicious content. It is not always malware being hosted on these platforms. Often it is an online form that looks like a login page for a bank, a store, or other online service that allows the attacker to harvest login credentials from unaware victims. Once the attacker gets the victim’s login credentials, they can use them in a credential stuffing attack.

Google Services Used for Phishing

According to research by cloud provider Amorblox, there is “a sharp uptick in attackers using Google services to help them get emails past binary security filters based on keywords or URLs.” As security tools review your incoming email, they might flag a link with a gibberish domain name as potentially malicious, but possibly not a link from a well-known and popular domain name.

Credential stuffing—when an attacker takes a long list of usernames and passwords and, using an automated script, tries each pair on many popular websites—is on the rise. In September, the FBI warned of an increase in credential stuffing attacks and stated, “41 percent of all financial sector attacks between 2017 and 2020 were due to credential stuffing, resulting in the theft of millions of dollars.”

According to a 2019 Google/Harris poll, 65 percent of respondents reuse passwords on some, or all of their accounts. To reduce your risk of becoming the victim of credential stuffing, never reuse passwords. That means you likely need to use a password manager.

Ransomware Prints Ransom Notes
Modern ransomware tends to infect a computer, then exfiltrate data and encrypt the contents of that computer, leaving nothing readable by the computer operator except a ransom note on the screen. That is a pretty dramatic approach, but at least one ransomware attacker thought that she needed an additional method of delivering the ransom note that includes repeated printing of these notes after an attack.

As reported by Tripwire, the South American retail giant Cencosud was infected by an Egregor ransomware attack which, “stole sensitive files that it found on the compromised network, and encrypted data on Cencosud’s drives to lock workers out of the company’s data.” Then “printers at the checkouts of numerous retail outlets in Chile and Argentina were suddenly churning out the ransom demand as well.”

In Bleeping Computer’s review of this malware, they state, “To increase public awareness of the attack and pressure a victim into paying, the Egregor operation is known to repeatedly print ransom notes from all available network and local printers after an attack.”

While this tactic might just seem like a novel addition to a ransomware attack, remember that many of our Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smart doorbells, light bulbs, cameras and thermostats, do not have display screens. Therefore, sending the ransom note to a printer on the same network as the target device, gives the attacker a means of communicating with IoT device owners and collecting a ransom for encrypted IoT devices.

Tip: Use Password Managers for Added Security
As you read earlier in this blog, credential stuffing is on the rise. It is also becoming more automated, with botnets attempting logins from different IP addresses all over the Internet. Now more than ever, we all need to use a password manager to protect us from these rapid, advanced credential stuffing attacks.

A password manager is a software tool that is used to store all of your passwords in an encrypted file so that you, and no one else, have very easy access to them, helping to minimize security concerns. Most modern password managers have additional features such as cloud storage, auto-filling fields, and password generators that make very good passwords.

The most important feature of your passwords is this: You should have a unique password for every account that you own. Yes, they should be long and strong, but if they are not unique, you not only put one of your accounts at risk of attack, you put every account at risk that reuses a password.

Read this Hikvision blog to learn more about how password managers can help you reduce security concerns.

IMPORTANT! This model requires non-standard firmware. Do Not Install standard firmware (e.g. v.4.1.xx) on this model. Doing so will permanently damage your system. You must use custom firmware v.4.1.25 from the iDS-9632NXI-I8/16S product page.

View the most updated version of this document here:

https://techsupportca.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions/articles/17000113531-i-series-nvr-firmware-upgrade-instructions

 

The I-series NVR (such as the DS-7716NI-I4) is one of Hikvision's most popular and feature-rich recorders. As such, many firmware revisions have been introduced over the years to continually ensure the product is compatible with the newest technology available. Due to the many revisions, we recommend that the user closely follows the instructions below in order to reduce the amount of time spent as well as the chance of failure.

 

Database Optimization and Repair

As more affordable IP cameras are introduced over time with greater video resolution and data sizes, more efficient database management also becomes necessary. The introduction of firmware v4.0 brought about a new database architecture in order to be futureproof.

 

After upgrading to v4.X, the recorder database will need to be converted and optimized. If you are experiencing issues where playback is expected but not found, make sure "Database Repair" is performed as indicated in the procedures and scenarios below.

 

Preparing the Upgrade

Before proceeding with upgrade, it is recommended that NVR configuration file is exported from the NVR over the network or on to a local USB drive.

 

Upgrading from v3.4.92 build 170518 or Older

  1. All recorders must reach v3.4.92 before proceeding further. Upgrading from versions before v3.4.92 directly to any version of v4.X will likely cause the recorder to fail.
  2. If the recorder is already at v3.4.92, a full factory default is highly recommended before upgrading to any version of v4.X. There is a high chance of unit failure (requiring RMA) if the unit is not defaulted before upgrade.
  3. After reaching v3.4.92 and performing a full factory default, an upgrade directly to v4.50.00 is acceptable.
  4. After the upgrade is completed and the recorder is reprogrammed, it may be beneficial to perform a Database Repair. For details, refer to the section "Database Optimization and Repair" above.
  5. To verify repair progress, you may refer to the HDD status, or search the recorder log for repair started and stopped entries. Note that while the HDD is repairing, new recordings are still being made, but some existing recordings may not be searchable until repair is complete.
  6. If you continue to observe playback issues after database repair, ensure there are no power, network, or motion detection issues. Should the problem persist, contact technical support.

 

Upgrading from Any v4.X Build to v4.50.00.

  1. Any v4.X build can be upgraded directly to v4.50.00.
  2. Export configuration is highly recommended before performing the upgrade.
  3. If upgrading from any v4.X version that was not v4.22.005, a Database Repair is recommended. Refer to Step 4 and onwards in the previous section.

 

Downgrading

Downgrading is not recommended. Due to new features and parameters constantly being added, downgrading may cause the NVR to factory default itself or require a manual default to operate properly.

View the most updated version of this document here:
K-Series DVR upgrade instruction
The Turbo 4 Hybrid DVR K series has multiple models and across different platform and chipset. It also has similar firmware development of other recording product line; DVR K series has also introduced the GUI4.0 to ensure the series to be compatible to the newest technology available. The new database architecture is also brought into the DVR firmware v4.0 to be future proof and for better recording search experience. 
 


Database Optimization and Repair

As more affordable cameras introduced over time with greater video resolution and data sizes, more efficient database management also becomes necessary. The introduction of firmware v4.0 brought about a new database architecture in order to be futureproof.
After upgrading to v4.X, the recorder database will need to be converted and optimize. If you are experiencing issues, where playback is expected but not found, please make sure to perform "Database Rebuild" as indicated in the procedures and scenarios below.
 


Preparing the Upgrade

Before proceeding with upgrade, it is recommend exporting DVR configuration file from the DVR over the network or on to a local USB drive.

 

Action after firmware upgraded 

1. Upgrade the DVR according to the chart above. 

2. Reconfirming Channel's Recording Schedule 

    - Confirm channel's recording schedule is enable. 

    - Check if the channel is on correct recording schedule.

3. Double Check Storage Setting

    - Make sure all channel are assigned to record on its HDD group when the Storage setting is under Group Mode. 

4. Perform Database Rebuild locally. 

    • Some version above support Database Rebuild via web access - K51 and K72

    • Perform Database Rebuild regardless if system is having any database issue symptom. 

    • Database Rebuild process is average ~30 to 60min per TB. The process may still varies depends recording data.

    • After Database Rebuild - Check log to confirm Database Rebuild has went thru properly. 

    • If Database Rebuild Started and Stopped log has been log only within few minutes. Database rebuild may not has been completed properly. It is strongly recommend performing the Database Rebuild again.

    • To check log > System > Log > Information > Database Rebuild Started and Stopped.

    • If the log option is not available - access system via SSH can also obtain similar result.

5. Recording Data is still missing after database rebuild process. 

If the data has not been recorded or has been overwritten, Database rebuild process is not able retrieve those lost data. Have the system upgraded to the latest available firmware version above to prevent any future data lost is strongly recommended for all application.

 

 

 

 

In light of the global semiconductor shortage, Hikvision has made some hardware changes to the DS-76xxNI-Q1(2)/P NVRs, also known as “Q series.”

 

These changes do not have any effect on the performance, specifications, or the user interface of the NVRs. For the ease of reference, these modified units are known as “C-Version” units. This is clearly indicated on the NVR label and on the box by the serial number.

 

The only difference between the “C-Version” and “non-C-Version” is the firmware. The firmware is not interchangeable:

 

  • The C-Version NVRs must use firmware version v4.31.102 or higher.
  • The non-C-Version (Q series) NVRs must use firmware version v4.30.085 or older.

 

Please do not be alarmed if a “Firmware Mismatch” message pops up on the screen during the firmware upgrade. This simply means that the firmware does not match the NVR’s hardware. Simply download the correct firmware and the upgrade will go through without any issue.

In light of the global semiconductor shortage, Hikvision has made some hardware changes to the Value Express Series NVRs

These changes do not have any effect on the performance and specification of the recorders. For ease of reference, these modified units are known as “C-Version” units. This is clearly indicated on the NVR label and on the box by the serial number.

The only difference between the “C-Version” and “non-C-Version” is the firmware. The firmware is not interchangeable:

  • The C-Version NVRs must use firmware version v4.30.216 or higher.
  • The non-C-Version (Q series) NVRs must use firmware version v3.4.104 or older.

Please do not be alarmed if a “Firmware Mismatch” message pops up on the screen during the firmware upgrade. This simply means that the firmware does not match the NVR’s hardware. Simply download the correct firmware and the upgrade will go through without any issue.

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